Because Apple officially supports this computer with Windows 10 (including the drivers), and the SSD is a regular PC SSD, I think it should work perfectly with your computer!
I would recommend cloning it with another program, like SuperDuper!. For me (at least) Disk Utility will have errors every time I try to clone a drive, which is why I prefer to use other programs. I hope this will solve the issue.
I would recommend unplugging the charger and battery then pressing and holding the power button for 10 seconds then pressing and holding the power button while plugging in the charger and then quickly release and press the power button. If this works then it might be something with the charger.
I am Jonas and I can repair: computers, sewing machines, a jawbone big jambox speaker, iPhone 5, iPhone 6, RC cars, Neato XV-21 automatic vacuum cleaner, vacuums, etc.