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Background
Intel Corporation is a chip designer and manufacturer, most notably known for their central processing units (CPU), founded in 1968, USA. Intel, which means Integrated Electronics, started by making 64-bit static random-access memory (SRAM) with semiconductors in 1969. Intel released the 4-bit Intel 4004 microprocessor in 1971, their first commercially available processor. Intel released their first microcomputer, the Intel Intellec 4 and Intellec 8, in 1973. Intel has become the founder of many legendary technologies that emerged in the 1990s, such as the PCI and PCI Express hardware architecture, the USB standard and Thunderbolt interface.
Intel entered the discrete graphics market in 1986 with the 82786 chip, their first discrete graphics co-processor with an independent graphics and display processor, supporting 256 colors and 4 MB of VRAM. In 1998 Intel showcased their last discrete GPU for the era, the Intel 740. The i740 lived on in Intel's Extreme Graphics architecture for integrated GPUs. Extreme Graphics was replaced in 2004 by the Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA), and replaced by Intel HD Graphics in 2010, later known as Intel UHD Graphics alongside with Intel Iris, both used as integrated graphics in processors to this day.
The Tiger Lake lineup introduced the new Xe-Low Power architecture in 2020, bringing more Vector Engines (VEs), higher clock speeds, improved power efficiency, and a new L1 cache. The reworked architecture quadrupled the ALU pipelines, changed structure and instruction sets, and made pairs of VEs sharing thread controllers, reducing die area and power consumption. On August 16, 2021 Intel announced the Intel Arc discrete GPUs, their first discrete GPUs in over 20 years, with the Xe-HPG architecture.
The Intel Arc A-series, also called Alchemist, was the first series of discrete GPUs, released in 2022. Built on TSMC N6 technology, the new series brought multiple media hardware encoders, DirectX 12 Ultimate, and ray tracing. The Alchemist series also featured more Vector Engines, overall performance and data set optimizations, Xe Super Sampling, and machine learning capabilities. Intel Arc B-series, codename Battlemage, launched in 2024. The Battlemage series built on TSMC's N5 technology increased density and efficiency, reducing the new generation's die area in half down to 272 mm2, compared to the previous generation, while providing 50% efficiency and 70% performance improvement per core and even greater data set optimizations.
The Arc C-series, known as Celeste, planned for 2025, has according to leaks been canceled in the discrete gaming market. Celeste still features data server GPUs, and the architecture is likely to show up in the Nova Lake mobile processor lineup. D-series, codename Druid, is to rumored for to be launched 2028.
Identification
To identify your graphics card in Windows, see Intel's GPU identification guide.
To identify your graphics card in a Linux environment, see How-To Geek's GPU identification guide.
Many of Intel's board partners feature the Intel Arc logotype on the side or top of the GPU.
Intel has multiple board partners, manufacturers, and vendors, most notably are:
- Intel Arc
- Acer Nitro
- ASRock
- Gunnir
- MaxSun
- Omix
- Sparkle
Additional Information
Additional sources and Further Reading
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