Can I swap the internal storage from 1 s23 Ultra to another s23 Ultra

This strikes me as odd; I'm not clear exactly how a damaged screen would also affect the motherboard; I mean if you slammed the phone in a car's trunk lid like my niece did then yeah, maybe, but there's a frame in between the screen and the motherboard that should provide quite a bit of protection. I mean, yeah it's possible to damage those little FPC connectors if you attempted the repair yourself - I've done that myself - but I think I'd want a second opinion that the motherboard was beyond redemption. Those connectors can be replaced if that's all it is.

Unfortunately your phone is so new that prices for it are still quite high. If you thought there was a chance the motherboard was still functional you could try finding a phone that's locked or with a bad ESN on eBay or other sites where you could open it up and try your motherboard in the replacement phone. About the closest I saw was one on eBay that's advertised as "Cracked, Locked, Unknown ESN" for about $280, but that's about the best you're going to do with a recent phone like that. Anyway, if you need it, here are instructions on how to pull the motherboard; they're in Spanish but used with the Chrome browser's translation feature it's quite usable.

Manuals / Samsung Galaxy S23 Ultra / Motherboard - Nobody Calls Me Chicken