What exactly am I looking at?

So I picked up this computer with the impression that I got a pretty good deal. I knew something was wrong with it the second I got it but I need a project right now so it's all good. I tried to start it up and first the crossed out circle came up then the blinking folder was on the screen. Right at that point it completely shut down and I noticed the bottom plate was barely screwed in. There actually was only 2 screws holding it on. I took them off and removed them and found this. I have a basic knowledge of the internal parts but have no clue what it is or how it's affecting my computer. Any advice would be highly appreciated it's a model A1297